O uiga faʻapitoa o le gaioiga o le fluconazole

O le Fluoxapyr o se ituaiga o le carboxamidevaila'au fa'amate siamana atiae e BASF. E iai ona aafiaga lelei i le puipuiga ma le togafitia. E faʻaaogaina e puipuia ma pulea ai faʻamaʻi fungal lautele, e le itiiti ifo i le 26 ituaiga o faʻamaʻi fungal. E mafai ona faʻaaogaina mo le toeitiiti atoa le 100 faʻatoʻaga, e pei o faʻatoʻaga sana, pi, faʻatoʻaga suauʻu, pinati, pome ma laʻau fualaʻau maʻa, fualaʻau aʻa ma aano, fualaʻau fualaʻau ma togafitiga o le vavae, lau poʻo fatu. O le Fluoxafenamide o se succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor ma o se fungicide sili ona lelei na atiina ae i tausaga talu ai nei.
Uiga fa'aletino ma fa'akemikolo o le fluconazole

Igoa Fa'akemikolo o le Fluconazole: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; Numera CAS: 907204-31-3, Fa'asologa Molekula: C18H12F5N3O. Mamafa Molekula: 381.31 g/mol.O le Fluoxapyr (mama 99.3%) o se mea malō e lanu pa'epa'e i le lanu enaena, e leai se manogi, e 156.8℃ le tulaga e liusuavai ai, e 1.42 g/mL le mafiafia (20℃), e pala i le pe ā ma le 230℃, e fua le mamafa o le ausa (fuafuaina): 2.7×10-9 Pa (20°C), 8.1×10-9 Pa (25°C); Henry's constant: 3.028×10-7 Pa·m3/mol. E mafai ona solo (20℃): vai 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); vai fa'aolaola (mama fa'apitoa 99.2)%) (g/L, 20℃): acetone>250, acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, methanol 53.4±0.0, toluene 20.0±0.0, n-octanol 4.69±0.1, n-heptane 0.106 ± 0.001. fua fa'atatau o le vaeluaga o le n-octanol-vai (20°C): vai fa'amama log Kow 3.08, log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), log Kow averesi (3.10±0.02). Mautu i le vai fa'asuavai i le pH 4, 5, 7, 9 i lalo o tulaga pogisa ma mama. E mautu le malamalama.

Oona o le Fluoxafen

Oona fa'afuase'i i le gutu o isumu (fafine) o le vaila'au muamua o le fluconazole: LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, oona fa'afuase'i i le pa'u o isumu (tane ma fafine): LD50>2,000 mg/kg, oona fa'afuase'i i le manava i isumu (tane ma fafine): LC50＞5.1 mg/L; fa'aita'ita'i sina i mata ma le pa'u o lapiti; leai se mea e a'afia ai le pa'u o pua'a Guinea. Leai se mea e mafua ai le kanesa, leai se teratogenicity, leai ni a'afiaga i le toe gaosia, leai se genotoxicity, neurotoxicity ma immunotoxicity.
Oona fa'afuase'i i manu felelei LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, oona fa'afuase'i i Daphnia 6.78 mg/L (48 itula), oona fa'afuase'i i i'a (96 itula) LC50 0.546 mg/L, oona fa'afuase'i i manu fe'ai i le vai (48 itula) ) EC50 6.78 mg/L, oona fa'afuase'i i limu (72 itula) EC50 0.70 mg/L, oona fa'afuase'i i pi (48 itula) LD50>100 μg/pi, oona fa'afuase'i i pi i le gutu (48 itula) LD50>110.9 μg/pi, o le oona fa'afuase'i i anufe o le eleele o le LC50>1,000 mg/kg (14 aso). Mai fa'amatalaga o lo'o i luga, e mafai ona iloa ai o le Fluoxafen e oona i meaola i le vai ma e maualalo le oona i isi meaola aoga.

Faiga o le gaioiga o le fluoxafen

O le Fluoxafenamide o se vailaʻau e taofia ai le succinate dehydrogenase, lea e galue i le succinate dehydrogenase i le mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II e taofia ai lana gaioiga, ma faʻapea ona taofia ai le tuputupu aʻe o spores o siama fungal, le tuputupu aʻe o germ tubes ma le mycelium.

Mea e pulea ai le Fluconazole

E matuā aogā tele le Fluoxamid, e lautele lona a'afiaga, e umi lona ola, e filifili lelei, e lelei tele lona tafe atu i le eleele, ma e tete'e atu i le timu e solo. E mafai ona pulea lelei sana, pi, sana, la'au rapeseed, la'au 'aina, fuala'au faisua, ma sugar beets e ala i le togafitia o lau ma fatu. , pinati, vavae, la'au ma la'au fa'apitoa, ma isi mea, e pei o saito, pi, la'au 'aina ma fuala'au faisua e mafua mai i le Concha, Botrytis cinerea, Powdery mildew, Cercospora, Puccinia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium. O fa'ama'i e mafua mai i siama o le ga'o, botrytis cinerea, ele, powdery mildew o legumes, cotton blight, sunflower ma fa'ama'i rapeseed e mafua mai i le Alternaria, ma isi mea. Ua resitalaina mo le fa'aaogaina i le silia ma le 70 fa'ato'aga i le 2015, o lo'o fa'amoemoe le BASF e resitala mo le fa'aaogaina i le silia ma le 100 fa'ato'aga.

E malosi le fetuutuunai o le Fluoxafen, ma e tele ituaiga oloa tuufaatasi. E faʻaaogaina le Adexar (fluconazole + epoxiconazole) i le saito, karite, triticale, rye ma oati e pulea ai le powdery mildew, le pala o laulaau, le pala o le glume, le pala o le laina ma le pala o laulaau. O le Priaxor (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin) ua resitalaina i le Iunaite Setete mo soya, tamato, pateta ma isi faatoaga, ma e iai ona aafiaga faapitoa i le puleaina o le brown spot o le soya (Septoria glycines); Orkestra SC (flufenapyr + Pyraclostrobin) ua resitalaina i Pasila mo soya, citrus, pateta, aniani, karoti, apu, mago, meleni, kukama, pepa logo, tamato, canola, pinati, pi fatu, sunflowers, sorghum, sana, saito ma fugalaau (Chrysanthemum ma rose), ma isi, e mafai ona pulea le pala o soya Asia, faʻaleleia atili le photosynthesis o faatoaga, ma faʻaaogaina mo le puleaina o faʻamaʻi. O le Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) ua resitalaina i le Iunaite Setete mo le puipuia ma le puleaina o le ila efuefu o le soya e tete'e i vaila'au fa'ama'i methoxyacrylate. O le vaila'au e togafitia ai fatu o le Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) ua resitalaina i le Iunaite Setete ma e mafai ona pulea le tele o fa'ama'i o le tele o fa'ato'aga e le mafai ona togafitia.

Ua vave ona tuputupu aʻe le succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides i tausaga talu ai nei, ma o le fluoxamid o le oloa autū lea o lenei ituaiga o fungicides, ona o lona maualuga o le lelei, lautele o le fusi, gaioiga faʻaletino, talafeagai mo le tele o faʻatoʻaga ma isi uiga. Ae maise lava, o le faʻaauau pea ona atinaʻeina o ana oloa tuʻufaʻatasi ua faʻalauteleina ai le fusi o le pulea ma le lautele o faʻatoʻaga faʻaaogaina, ma ua avea ma penina pupula i le maketi fungicide.