I le 20 tausaga ua tuanaʻi, o loʻu atunuu o loʻo faʻatupuina faʻamaʻi iniseti mama.Muamua, ona o le faʻaofiina o le tele o ituaiga fou ma tekinolosi faʻatekonolosi mai fafo, ma lona lua, o taumafaiga a vaega faʻapitoa i totonu o le atunuʻu ua mafai ai ona gaosia le tele o mea mataʻutia ma ituaiga o vailaʻau o iniseti tumama.ma taʻua le tulaga maualuga ma le atinaʻeina o ituaiga fou o le atinaʻeina o vailaʻau.E ui lava e tele ituaiga o vailaau faʻasaina, e tusa ai ma vailaʻau tumama, o pyrethroids o loʻo faʻaaoga pea i le taimi nei.Ona o faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi ua atiaʻe tikeri eseese o le tetee atu i pyrethroids i nisi o eria, ma o loʻo i ai le faʻafefeteina, lea e aʻafia ai lona faʻaaogaina.Ae ui i lea, ona o loʻo i ai le tele o tulaga faʻapitoa e pei o le maualalo o le oona ma le maualuga maualuga, e faigata ona suia e isi ituaiga i totonu o se vaitaimi patino.O ituaiga e masani ona faʻaaogaina o le tetramethrin, Es-bio-allethrin, d-allethrin, methothrin, pyrethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin ma le tamaoaiga dextramethrin Allethrin ma isi. lo'u atunuu.O le vaega o le acid o le allethrin masani e vavae ese mai le cis ma trans isomers ma le agavale ma le taumatau isomers e tuueseese e faateleina ai le fua o lona tino lelei, ma faʻaleleia atili ai le aoga o oloa.I le taimi lava e tasi, o le tino le aoga ua liua i se tino aoga, ma faʻaitiitia ai le tau.O loʻo faʻaalia ai o le gaosiga o pyrethroids i loʻu atunuu ua ulufale atu i le fanua o le atinaʻeina tutoʻatasi ma le ulufale atu i le matata o le stereochemistry ma le maualuga o tekonolosi gaioiga.Dichlorvos i totonu o le organophosphorus insecticides o le ituaiga e sili ona tele fua ma lautele faʻaoga ona o lona malosi tuʻituʻi malosi, malosi malosi fasioti tagata ma galuega faʻanatura volatilization, ae o le DDVP ma chlorpyrifos ua faʻatapulaʻaina le faʻaaogaina.I le 1999, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, e tusa ai ma le fautuaga a le WHO, na fausia ai le lautele o alaleo, faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi ma le pirimiphos-methyl acaricide, lea e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e pulea ai namu, lago, moa ma mites.
Faatasi ai ma carbamates, propoxur ma Zhongbucarb o loʻo faʻaaogaina i le tele.Ae ui i lea, e tusa ai ma faʻamatalaga talafeagai, o le mea faʻaleagaina o sec-butacarb, methyl isocyanate, e iai faʻafitauli oona.O lenei oloa e le'i aofia i le lisi o fale tumama iniseti oloa na lomia e le World Health Organization i le 1997, ma vagana ai Saina, e leai se isi atunuu i le lalolagi na faʻaaogaina lenei oloa mo fale tumama iniseti oloa.Ina ia mautinoa le saogalemu o fale tumama iniseti ma ia ogatasi ma tulaga faava o malo, o le Inisetiute Pulea o manu faalafua a le Matagaluega o Faatoaga tuufaatasi ma tulaga faaleatunuu o loʻu atunuu, ia Mati 23, 2000, mo Zhongbuwei, o tulafono faatonutonu talafeagai mo le suiga malie. i le fa'amuta o le fa'aogaina i totonu o fale tumama iniseti ua faia.
E tele tagata suʻesuʻe i luga o faʻatonuga o le tuputupu aʻe o iniseti, ma e tele ituaiga, e pei o: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, ma isi. I nisi o eria, e faʻaaogaina e pulea ai larvae i nofoaga e faʻatupuina ai namu ma lele, ma maua ai ni taunuuga lelei.O loʻo faasolosolo malie ona faʻalauiloa ma faʻaaogaina.
I tausaga talu ai nei, o iunite e pei o le Iunivesite o Fudan sa suʻesuʻeina ma faʻapipiʻi pheromones fale, ma sa tutoʻatasi e le Iunivesite o Wuhan ni faʻamaʻi momu.O nei oloa e iai fa'amoemoega fa'atatau.O lo'o atina'e oloa fa'ama'i mo iniseti, e pei o: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, virus moka ma Metarhizium anisopliae ua uma ona resitala e avea ma oloa tumama.Ole synergists autu ole piperonyl butoxide, octachlorodipropyl ether, ma synergist amine.E le gata i lea, i tausaga talu ai nei, ona o le faafitauli o le talosaga o le octachlorodipropyl ether, Nanjing Forestry Research Institute na maua ai AI-1 synergist mai turpentine, ma Shanghai Entomology Research Institute ma Nanjing Agricultural University na atiina ae se 94o synergist.sooupu.O loʻo i ai foʻi suʻesuʻega synergistic amines, synergists, ma le atinaʻeina o S-855 laau faʻapipiʻi synergists.
I le taimi nei, o loʻo i ai le aofaʻi o le 87 mea aoga o vailaau faʻasaina i le tulaga lelei o le resitalaina o iniseti tumama i lo tatou atunuu, lea: 46 (52.87%) o pyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) o organophosphorus, 5 o carbamates 1 (5.75). %), 5 mea fa'aletino (5.75%), 4 microorganisms (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), ma le 18 isi ituaiga (20.68%).
Taimi meli: Mati-20-2023