Ile 2014 e fai ma fa'ata'ita'iga, o le fa'atauga fa'alelalolagi ole aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides e US$1.217 piliona, fa'amauina mo le 4.6% o le US$26.440 piliona le maketi i le lalolagi atoa ma le 1.9% o le US$63.212 piliona le maketi o vailaau fa'asaina.E ui lava e le lelei e pei o vailaʻau faʻamaʻi e pei o amino acids ma sulfonylureas, ae o loʻo i ai foi se nofoaga i le maketi o herbicide (tulaga lona ono i le faʻatauga o le lalolagi).
Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) herbicides e masani ona faʻaaogaina mo le puleaina o vao.Na maua i le 1960s ina ua suia e Hoechst (Siamani) le vaega o le phenyl i le fausaga 2,4-D ma le diphenyl ether ma atiina ae le uluai augatupulaga o herbicides aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid.“Mutia Ling”.I le 1971, na faʻamoemoeina o le fausaga mama matua e aofia ai le A ma le B. O vailaʻau mulimuli ane o lenei ituaiga na suia e faʻavae i luga, suia le mama A benzene i le tasi itu i totonu o se mama heterocyclic poʻo fused, ma faʻafeiloaʻi vaega malosi e pei o F. atoms i totonu o le mama, e maua ai se faasologa o oloa e maualuga atu le gaioiga., e sili atu vaila'au e filifilia.
Fa'atonuga ole vaila'au ole APP
Le tala'aga o le atina'e o vaila'au fa'ama'i fa'ama'i
Faiga o gaioiga
Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides e masani lava ona faʻaogaina le acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), ma faʻafefe ai le tuʻufaʻatasia o gaʻo gaʻo, e mafua ai le faʻaogaina o le oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ma faʻapipiʻi waxy ma faiga cuticle ua poloka, e mafua ai le vave faʻavave. fa'aleagaina o le fausaga o le la'au, fa'ateleina le fa'aogaina, ma i'u ai ina mate le la'au.
O ona uiga o le maualuga maualuga, maualalo oona, maualuga le filifilia, saogalemu mo fualaʻau ma faigofie faʻaleagaina ua matua faʻalauteleina le atinaʻeina o vailaʻau filifilia.
O le isi vaega o vaila'au fa'ama'i a le AAP o lo'o fa'agaoioia i latou, lea e fa'aalia e isomers eseese i lalo o le fausaga fa'a-kemikolo e tasi, ma e ese'ese isomers e ese'ese gaioiga fa'ama'i.Faatasi ai ma i latou, o le R (-) -isomer e mafai ona taofia lelei le gaioiga o le enzyme taulaʻi, poloka le faʻavaeina o le auxin ma le gibberellin i vao, ma faʻaalia le lelei o le herbicidal, ae o le S (+) -isomer e matua le aoga.O le eseesega i le aoga i le va o le lua e 8-12 taimi.
O vaila'au fa'atauga a le APP e masani lava ona gaosia e avea ma esters, e fa'afaigofie ai ona mitiia e vao;ae ui i lea, o esters e masani lava ona itiiti le solubility ma sili atu le malosi o le adsorption, o lea e le faigofie ai ona faʻafefe ma sili atu ona faʻafefe i vao.i le eleele.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl ose phenoxypropionate herbicide na atiaʻe e ciba-Geigy i le 1981. O lona igoa tau fefaʻatauaʻiga o le Autu ma lona igoa vailaʻau (R) -2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro).-2-Pyridyloxy)propargyl propionate.
O le Propargyl ose vaila'au fa'asaina o le aryloxyphenoxypropionate o lo'o i ai le fluorine.E fa'aaogaina mo le fa'atupuina o la'au ma lau la'au e fa'atonutonu ai vao leaga i le saito, rye, triticale ma isi fa'ato'aga saito, aemaise lava mo le saito ma le saito.Lelei i le puleaina o vao faigata e pei o le vao vao.Fa'aoga mo togafitiga o la'au ma la'au pe a uma ona tula'i mai e pulea ai vao ta'i tausaga, e pei o le vao vao, vao oatuliuli, mutia foxtail, mutia fanua, ma le saito.Ole fua ole 30~60g/hm2.Ole auala fa'aoga fa'apitoa ole: mai le 2-lau la'au o le saito e o'o i le tu'ufa'atasiga, fa'aoga le vaila'au i vao i le 2-8 lau la'au.I le taumalulu, fa'aaoga le 20-30 kalama o Maiji (15% clofenacetate wettable powder) ile eka.30-40g o le matua'i (15% clodinafop-propargyl wettable powder), fa'aopopo le 15-30kg vai ma fa'asusu tutusa.
O le gaioiga gaioiga ma uiga o clodinafop-propargyl o le acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors ma herbicides conductive system.O le vailaʻau e faʻafefe i laulaau ma laulaʻau o le laʻau, faʻatautaia e ala i le phloem, ma faʻaputuina i le meristem o le laau, faʻasaina acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor.Coenzyme A carboxylase taofi fatty acid synthesis, taofia le tuputupu aʻe masani ma vaevaega sela, ma faʻaumatia fausaga o loʻo i ai le lipid e pei o le membrane system, ma iʻu ai i le oti o le toto.O le taimi mai le clodinafop-propargyl i le mate o vao e fai si telegese, masani e 1 i le 3 vaiaso.
O faʻasologa masani o clodinafop-propargyl e 8%, 15%, 20%, ma le 30% vai emulsions, 15% ma 24% microemulsions, 15% ma 20% wettable powders, ma le 8% ma le 14% suauʻu faʻafefe.24% kulimi.
Fa'asologa
(R) -2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid e muamua gaosia e le tali atu o le α-chloropropionic acid ma le hydroquinone, ona faʻamalosia lea e ala i le faʻaopoopoina o le 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine e aunoa ma le vavaeeseina.I lalo o nisi tulaga, e tali atu i le chloropropyne e maua ai clodinafop-propargyl.A maeʻa faʻamaʻi, e oʻo atu i le 97% i le 98% le aofaʻi o oloa, ma o le aofaʻi o fua e oʻo atu i le 85%.
Tulaga auina atu i fafo
O faʻamaumauga a le Ofisa o Tiute o loʻo faʻaalia i le 2019, na faʻatau atu e loʻu atunuu le aofaʻi o le 35.77 miliona tala Amerika (faʻamaumauga e leʻi atoatoa, e aofia ai sauniuniga ma vailaʻau faʻapitoa).Faatasi ai ma i latou, o le atunuu muamua e faaulufaleina mai o Kazakhstan, lea e faaulufale mai ai le tele o sauniuniga, faatasi ai ma le aofaiga o le 8.6515 miliona tala Amerika, sosoo ai ma Rusia, faatasi ai ma sauniuniga O loo i ai le manaoga mo vailaau ma mea mata, faatasi ai ma le aofaiga o oloa faaulufale mai o le US$3.6481 miliona.O le tulaga lona tolu o Netherlands, ma le aofaʻi o oloa mai fafo o le US $ 3.582 miliona.E le gata i lea, o Kanata, Initia, Isaraelu, Sudan ma isi atunuu o loʻo avea foi ma nofoaga autu e auina atu i fafo o clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl ose vaila'au fa'apitoa araisa na fausia ma gaosia e le Dow AgroSciences i le Iunaite Setete i le 1987. Na'o le pau lea o le aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide e sili ona saogalemu mo araisa.I le 1998, o le Dow AgroSciences o le Iunaite Setete o le tagata muamua na resitalaina le cyhalofop i loʻu atunuu.Na muta le pateni i le 2006, ma na amata le resitalaina i totonu o le atunuʻu.I le 2007, o se pisinisi faʻapitonuʻu (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) na lesitala mo le taimi muamua.
O le igoa tau fefa'ataua'iga a Dow o Clincher, ma o lona igoa fa'ama'i (R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropionate.
I tausaga talu ai nei, Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (mea aoga: 10% cyhalomefen EC) ma Daoxi (60g / L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), lea ua lauiloa i le maketi Saina, e sili ona aoga ma saogalemu.O lo'o nofoia le maketi masani o vaila'au fa'ato'aga araisa i lo'u atunu'u.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, tutusa ma isi aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides, ose fatty acid synthesis inhibitor ma faʻalavelave acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase).E masani ona mitiia i laulaau ma e leai se mea e fai i le palapala.Cyhalofop-ethyl e fa'aogaina ma e vave ona mitiia e ala i aano o la'au.A maeʻa togafitiga faʻamaʻi, e le toe ola vave vao vao, samasama e tupu i totonu ole 2 i le 7 aso, ma o le laau atoa e necrotic ma mate i totonu ole 2 i le 3 vaiaso.
E fa'aoga le Cyhalofop pe a uma ona tula'i mai e pulea ai vao leaga i fanua araisa.Ole fua ole araisa vevela ole 75-100g/hm2, ma ole fua ole araisa lelei ole 180-310g/hm2.E sili ona aoga e faasaga i Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Laiti aputi mutia, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, Heart-leaf millet, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, etc.
Fa'aaoga le 15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC e fai ma fa'ata'ita'iga.I le 1.5-2.5 lau laʻau o le barnyardgrass i fanua faʻatoʻaga araisa ma le 2-3 laʻau laʻau o stephanotis i faʻatoʻaga alaisa saʻo, o laʻau ma laulaau e faʻafefeteina ma faʻafefe tutusa i le puao lelei.Fa'amama vai a'o le'i fa'aogaina le vaila'au ina ia sili atu i le 2/3 o a'a ma lau o vao o lo'o fa'aalia ile vai.Fa'asūsū i totonu ole 24 itula i le 72 itula pe a uma le tu'uina atu o vailaau fa'asaina, ma fa'atumauina le vai 3-5 cm mo le 5-7 aso.Fa'aaoga aua le sili atu ma le fa'atasi i le vaitau o le totoina o araisa.Ae ui i lea, e tatau ona maitauina o lenei vailaʻau e sili ona oona i arthropods aquatic, ia aloese mai le tafe atu i nofoaga faʻamaʻi.A fa'afefiloi ma nisi o vaila'au laula'au lautele, e ono fa'aalia ai ni a'afiaga fa'afeagai, ma fa'aitiitia ai le aoga ole cyhalofop.
O lona fa'asologa autu o le: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable powder (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15%). , 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), microemulsion cyhalofop (10%, 15%, 250g/L), fa'agata le suauu cyhalofop (10%, 20%, 30% , 40%), suauʻu faʻasalalau cyhalofop-ethyl fa'amalologa (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%);mea fa'afefiloi e aofia ai le oxafop-propyl ma le penoxsufen Compound of amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, etc.
Taimi meli: Ian-24-2024